Краеведение 9 form

17.04.04

Task 1. Read the text for general information. What kind of education is mentioned?

Kuzbass State Technical University (KuzSTU) is one of  prestigious higher schools which trains specialists for the economy of Kuzbass, Russia.

Originally it was the Mining Institute founded on the basis of Kemerovo Mining Construction College (1950). Then it was reorganized into the Kuzbass Polytechnic Institute (July 14, 1965) and on November 22, 1993 it was renamed  into the Kuzbass State Technical University. It can proudly boast of a high standard of education, proper qualifications of its lecturers, most of whom are leading engineers, academicians, Doctors of science, professors.    

Now it is the largest higher educational institution in the region. At present the university houses 7 institutes and about 20 departments, well-equipped laboratories, a research institute, a computer centre, a large scientific library and 2 museums. The training for more than 50 specialities is carried out there. Some towns and cities of Kemerovo oblast have branches of the University (Belovo, Prokopyevsk, Novokuznetsk, Mezhdurechensk).

The total amount of students exceeds 7 000, including full-time students (5,000)  and students by correspondence.

There are two Dissertation Councils where people working for a doctor's degree and post-graduates can present their theses. The graduates of the University have made the most valuable contribution to the development of the main branches of industry in Kuzbass.

Task 2. Browse the Internet to search for information about one of the Faculties . Present the information you have found to your classmates,  paying special attention to challenges and prospects which this institute offers its students and graduates.

 

10/04/21

 

 

Task 1. Study the basic stories to comment on the educational system of Kuzbass

The educational rate of Kuzbass in the Russian Federation

The number and the status of educational institutions in Kuzbass

The innovative methods of the regional educational system

The range of specialists qualified in Kuzbass

Education in Siberia

     The educational system of the region is solid and diverse. Currently, Kuzbass can offer a wide variety of schools and curricula so that pupils can make their own choices according to their talents, inclinations and ambitions, from comprehensive and boarding schools to specialized schools ('lyceum', 'gymnasia') . They can attend innovative schools and classes specializing in particular disciplines.

     Kemerovo Oblast was one of the first regions in Russia that implemented the health component into the curriculum. In 2005 the local authorities  launched a regional targeted program 'Education and Health', which resulted in  a lot of health improvement centres for schoolchildren in Kuzbass.

  Educational institutions in Kuzbass are developing innovative teaching methods and contemporary curricula. It brings good results. Annually over one hundred  school leavers pass their exams with honours and are awarded gold medals. A great number of school children take part in regional  and national competitions in various disciplines showing off their academic and research skills. Gifted children have been receiving targeted assistance (scholarships and grants) under the program 'Kuzbass is Proud of You'

  The educational system of Kemerovo Oblast is comprehensive and versatile. It covers children of all age groups and takes in account their individual needs. The system includes nearly 1000 pre-school institutions accommodating over eighty thousand children. There are about 200 centres of optional education in Kuzbass offering children various activities in such areas as technology, ecology and biology, tourism, sports and arts. The regional festival 'Young Stars of Kuzbass' has discovered a great galaxy of gifted children, and still does.

      The system of vocational education includes over 100 technical schools and colleges training specialists for the national economy, education and healthcare, culture, construction and other sectors. 

      The core objectives of the educational policy in Kuzbass are the accessibility of high-quality education and social support to the teaching staff and students. The educational institutions of Kemerovo Oblast employ about 70,000 people. The teaching staff in Kuzbass is highly competent and qualified. Every fifth teacher possesses  the highest rank. Over 2,000 teachers working in colleges and universities have PhD degrees.

 

 

03/04/20

The organization was created on May 19, 1999, since then it facilitated and participated in many projects and events. Its main goals and objectives are:
- assisting in identifying and addressing environmental problems in the region;
- involving children, youth and their parents in environmental decision-making;
- developing and coordinating the regional children’s environmental movement;
- encouragement of healthy lifestyle;  
- environmental education, promoting environmental awareness and culture.

The parliament  helps their members to develop leadership skills, organizes meetings with war veterans, participates in the sessions of the Ecological Committee of the Council of People’s Deputies of Kemerovo Oblast.

 

20/03/2021 (на  3 апреля)

1)  Watch a video and render information into the English language

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dBrYs9GGRzrPgn-xX44vEhbbhDBaKMyH/view?usp=sharing

2) Bring the mascot  of the 300th anniversary of Kuzbass and be ready to speak in support of it.

на 6 февраля

Read the text about A. Panin. In the Internet find more information about him. Render this information into English

Task 1. Read the text and say what made Andrei Panin a famous actor.

Andrei Vladimirovich Panin (May 28, 1962 – March 7, 2013) was a Nika Award-nominated Russian actor and a director.

Panin was born on May 28, 1962, in Novosibirsk, Soviet Union; the son of Agnessa (née Berezovsky), and Dimitri Alexandrovich Panin. Two years later the family moved to Chelyabinsk. Then, when Andrew was six years old they settled in Kemerovo, where he lived for 16 years.

Panin was rocketed to fame by the hit television detective show “Kamenskaya”. In 2000, he had leading roles in both Valery Akhadov's “Don't Offend the Women” and Pavel Lungin's “The Wedding”, as well as Alexander Atanesyan's action thriller “24 Hours”. He won the best actor prize at the Golden Ram film festival for his part in “The Wedding”. Panin made his first screen appearance in the movie “Straightway”, but it was his performances in Maxim Pezhemsky's “Mama, Don't Cry” and Denis Yevstigneev's “Mama” that brought the actor renown.

Before becoming a screen regular, he was a stage actor at the Minusinsky Theater, where he worked after graduating from the Culture Institute in Kemerovo. Although he had initially planned to attend the Culinary Institute, Panin went on to further his education as an actor, graduating from Moscow's legendary MKhAT in 1991 and taking up residence at the MKhAT Chekhov theater with his wife, Natalya Rogozhina. His stage work includes “Three Sisters” (Soleny), “The Miserly Knight”, “Marriage”, “Deadly Number”, and a private production of “Winter”. Panin often acted in Oleg Tabakov's productions.

Panin lived in Moscow, Russia with his wife, Natalya Rogozhkina. He was found dead in his apartment on March 7, 2013, lying on the floor with a head wound.

Selected Filmography:

2002 — The Brigade: Law of Lawless

2007 — Crime and Punishment (TV Series)

2008 — Kamenskaya 5 (TV Series)

  2005 — Zhmurki 

 2005 — Mama Don't Cry 2

2005 — Shadowboxing

2007 — Shadowboxing 2: Revenge

2007 — The Cosmonaut's grandson (Director)

2010 — The Crew

2010 — Burnt by the Sun 2

2011 — Generation P

2011 — Kamenskaya 6 (TV Series)

2011 — Vysotsky. Thank You For Being Alive

2012 — Breakaway

2012 — Redemption

2012 — The Horde

2013 — Hetaera of Major Sokolov

2013 — Sherlock Holmes (TV Series)

 

 

на 23.01.2021

Task 1. Read the text and say why Kuzbass can be called “the land of talented people”.

In January 1943 there were seven theatres and four museums in Kemerovo Oblast. On  average, there were two to three clubs, one library and less than one film projector per tenthousand people. Today the region has a network of over 2,500 cultural and entertainment facilities, over 800 clubs, 750 libraries, forty cinema theatres, about 1,500 museums, a philharmonic society, two circuses, three exhibi-tion halls and seven theatres. Creative unions owriters, painters, actors, composers, architects and journalists have been established in the region to provide support to culture workers.

Our artistic groups are famous both in Russia and abroad. They are the Governor's Symphony Orchestra and the Chamber Choir of Kuzbass, the dance group “Siberian Kaleidoscope” and Kemerovo Oblast Choir“Utro” (“Morning”), as well as Novokuznetsk Chamber Choir and Kuzbass Musical theatre.

Kuzbass can be called the land of tal-ented people whose input in the treasury of domestic and world culture is enormous. They are masters of poetry and fiction Vasily Fyodorov, Vladimir Chevelikhin, Alexander Voloshin; famous cinema and theatre actors Vladimir Samoilov, Georgy Burkov; singer Boris Shtokolov; composer Georgy Movsesyan and many others.

People never cease creating. Over 130,000 people in Kuzbass attend music, dance, and folklore groups. Many crafts and arts studios unite masters in birch bark and ceramics, amateur artists, wood carvers and embroiderers.

Every year over 50 competitions, contests and festivals of regional, national and international levels are held in the region. The most famous are “Theatrical Kuzbass”, “Arts of Kuzbass”, “Jazz at the Old Fortress”, All-Kuzbass competition of folklore collectors and performers “Music Box” and All-Russia Festival of Children's Song “Radost” (“Joy”).

We have established one of the best national and Siberia-wide staff training systems, which is multilevel and includes 140 various institutions, such as music and arts schools and five secondary vocational schools. The most talented and gifted children are supported by the regional fund “Young Talents of Kuzbass”.

In Kemerovo Oblast there are over 1,500 monuments, which are the part of our heritage. The most unique and important monument of ancient rock painting, called the Museum-preserve “Tomskaya Pisanitsa,” is ranked among the most important heritage places in the Russian Federation.

Kuzbass is always ready generously to share its cultural potential and intellectual wealth with other people of the country and  from abroad.

Task 3. Answer the questions to the text.

1. Can Kuzbass be called a highly-civilized region? Why?

2. What establishments are there in our region to support culture workers?

3. What artistic groups are well-known all over the world?

4. What musical and theatrical contests and festivals are held in the region? Have you ever taken part in any of them?

5. In what way are the most talented children supported in the region?

6. What national park is the region’s heritage?

Task 4. Look through the text and find the English equivalents to the following word combinations. 

Make up your own sentences with these words and word combinations.

a. в среднем

b. кинопроектор

c. развлекательные сооружения

d. творческие союзы

e. работники культуры

f. художественные коллективы

g. береста

h. самодеятельные художники

i. собиратели фольклора

j. наскальная живопись

k. интеллектуальное богатство

на  16.01.2021

Озвучить фильм. Ссылка на фильм:https://drive.google.com/file/d/1P0lgyfDKWj6wAkY4kJ-SnEhwuTZFJpmT/view?usp=sharing

на 26.12.2020

Using the texts below speak about the heroic deed during the Great Patriotic War

19.12.2020

Text A All for the Front, All for Victory Task 

1. Match the words into couples of synonyms:

1.to unleash a war                         a) to gather 

2. to defend                                     b) important 

3. to provide                                    c) destructive 

4. to evacuate                                  d) war equipment    

5. to raise money                             e) something done willingly                

6. ruinous                                         f) to start a war  

7. disastrous                                    g) to supply      

8. significant                                    h) Fascist  

9. ammunition                                 i) to gather together

10. Nazi                                             j) to remove

11. voluntary                                     k) horrible

12. contribution                                l) to protect

13.mobilize                                       m) investment

 Task 2.      Look through the text and change the words in brackets to make them grammatically suitable.

      

       The war   (unleash) by the Nazi army was one of the (tragic) pages in our history.  It was a ruinous disastrous  and bloody time.  All the people, men and (woman), the young and the old  (stand) against the enemy  forces   (defend) the Motherland.

Though Kuzbass was far from the battlefields, nevertheless, it played a significant role (help) the country win      the victory. Coalminers (work) day and night (provide) the industries of the Soviet Union with coal. New mines (open) in Kiselyovsk and Prokopyevsk.  Women and (child) took places of (they) family men who (mobilize) to the front

  During  the  (one)  war years  71   industrial  enterprises  ( evacuate  )  to Siberia   from   ( occupy) Russian cities. Thirty seven of them found their place in Kemerovo.   Those plants and factories produced different kinds of ammunition for the front. Those (be) bullets, bombs, guns and other weapons. Everybody (be) ready to bring the victory close. About 120 milliard roubles (raise) as voluntary contribution and 2500  airplanes and 5000 tanks  (send) to the front on this mone 

2. Look through the text and change the words to match them lexically and grammatically.

The war time cost the life of millions of people, both who were fighting the battles

and those who lived in a state of siege or in bombed towns and cities. It was also a

hard time for the (... city1...) of the homefront.

Women, children and (...2old...) people had to work at plants and mines as their

young and strong fellow-countrymen had gone to the front.

360 000 (...3 Siberia.) joined the army as volunteers. 

More than 100 army (...4...divide..) and brigades were formed from our countrymen. By

the end of the war 20 Siberian divisions had been given the title of “Gvardeiskaya”.

Like all Russian soldiers Siberians showed courage and (...5..determine.) to win.

Thousands of them were wounded, injured or came home invalids

Seventeen thousand were listed as missing in (...6. act..)

50 000 fell on the battlefields. A great number of those enrolled in the ar-

my were (...7. title...) the Heroes of the Great Patriotic War and were awarded medals

and orders

More than 5 000 (...8...glory) names are included into the Book of Glory. 

The post-war (...9generate...) commemorate the (...10.hero..) names in monuments, memori-

als, museum (...11expose...)

On Victory Day Kemerovites (...12 solemn...)march along the city streets holding the

portraits of those who gave their lives for us to live.

28/11/2020

Watch the video  and answer the questions on the film in writing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VtU7UUzo0I&feature=emb_logo

1. What was the situation like in Soviet Russia at the beginning of the 20ies of the last century. How many people were lost in famine and the Civil war?
2. What was the reason of foreign workers' coming to Russia?
3. What did the three foreigners who came to Lenin in July, 1921suggest? Who were these foreigners?
4.  Why did Lenin decide to support the colonists?
5. What was Bill Haywood? Speak  about him
6. It is said in the film that  Bill Haywood was one of the leaders of IWW. find out what  the IWW was  and what their aims were. 
7. What did Lenin request every colonist to bring with them?
8. What two ideas did Calvert want to unite?
9. What did he do to recruit volunteers?
10. How did Calvert advertise Kemerovo and what there was in reality?
11. How many people came to Kemerovo  and how many came back disappointment?
    
12. Do you see any strage things in the way the colony was governed? What are they?
    
13. Why did Haywood's colony come to the edge of collapse?
14. Speak about Rutgers and his fate.
15. What were Rutger's reforms?
16. Has the dream of Pensilvania in Siberia come true?
    
17. Why was Lenin's death a tragedy for the colony?
    
18. What did Red Directors do?
19. Did all the colonists leave for their countries ? what happened to those who stayed in the Soviet Union?

14.11.2020

The Autonomous Industrial Colony

“Kuzbass”

In the summer of 1921 the initiative group of American workers headed by a Dutch engineer communist S. Rutgers and an American communist B. Heighwood offered the Soviet Government to found a colony of foreign workers and specialists in Kuzbass. S. Rutgers, T. Barker, B. Heighwood, G. Kalvert and B. Cornblit left for Kuzbass in 1921. S. Rutgers presented a detailed plan of creation the colony. In this plan Kemerovo was mentioned as an ideal place which answered the purpose.

In November,1921, the Soviet Government signed the contract, according to which,  took control over Kemerovo mines and chemical plants. But the most im-portant thing was that the colony received the autonomy status, i.e. it did not report to the local authorities, but directly to the Soviet Government.

In the early twenties of the last century, more than 650 foreign workers and engineers came to Kemerovo from every corner of the world to help Russia restore the national economy destroyed during the Civil War. Thus, the banks of the Tom river became home for the Autonomous Industrial Colony “Kuzbass”. The natives from more than 20 countries (Austria, Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Italy, Canada, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Serbia, the USA, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Jamaica) came to work in the Autonomous Industrial Colony “Kuzbass ” in 1922 -1926. Although the colony ex-isted for only 5 years, the colonists managed to contribute substantially to an industrial expansion of Kemerovo as well as the whole region.

Jointly with Russian workers and engineers they modernized several mines, began coke production, electrified the city and surrounding villages, built several brickyards, and agricultural farms, apartment houses, schools, food stores, clubs and roads. Much of what they built is being used by thetownspeople till the present day. The colony was a massive economic and social experiment. The world did not witness anything of the kind before and, possibly, will never witness again. Therefore, it is only appropriate to say that the history of the city of Kemerovo is quite unique. The Red Hill Museum Preserve in Kemerovo is a remar-

cable place that presents the memory about the colonists.

The history of the Autonomous Industrial Colony “Kuzbass ” is worth being known about. It means showing respect to the memory of those who lent their helping hand during the time that was the hardest for our country .

Now, Kemerovo Oblast is one of the most economically developed Siberian territories, with about a third of the major manufacturing facilities in Western Siberia. The key sectors include the fuel industry, energy industry, engineering and metalworking, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical industry and food industry.

Task 5. Find the English equivalent and recollect the situation from the text:

1.инициативная группа

2. основать колонию

3.иностранные специалисты

4.контролировать

5. статус автономии

6. восстанавливать народную экономику

7. уроженец

8. грандиозный эксперимент

9. музей- заповедник

10. значимый вклад

11. вместе с русскими рабочими

12. достойна чтобы знать

Task 6. Chose the right answer:

1. The AIC “Kuzbass” was founded by the initiative group of

a. the Soviet Government

b. the foreign workers

c. the local authorities.

2. The AIC “Kuzbass” was founded in

a. 1921

b. 1922

c. 1926.

3. According to the contract the colony was controlled by

a. the Soviet Government

b. the foreign workers

c. the local authorities.

4. People from ... worked in Kuzbass

a. the European countries

b. all over the world

c. the Eastern countries.

5. The AIC “Kuzbass” contributed greatly to industrial development because

a. they modernized mines

b. they started coke industry

c. they began to develop the regional industry.

Task 7. Say whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) or Not Stated

(NS)

1. The initiative to establish the AIC “Kuzbass” belonged to the Soviet Government.

a) True. b) False c) Not Stated

2. The activity of the AIC was regulated by the locals.

a) True. b) False c) Not Stated

3. A lot of workers and engineers arrived in Kemerovo from all over the world.

a) True. b) False c) Not

4. The Colony contributed greatly to the industrial development of Russia.

a) True. b) False c) Not Stated

5. The AIC “Kuzbass” was the most successful social experiment of Russia.

a) True. b) False c) Not Stated

6. The Red Hill Museum Preserve in Kemerovo keeps the most important documents of AIC “Kuzbass.

a) True. b) False c) Not Stated

7. Now Kemerovo Oblast is the most economically developed region in Siberia.

a) True. b) False c) Not Stated

Task 8. Paraphrase, using the passive voice.

1. In 1921 the initiative group headed by S. Rutgers offered the Soviet Government to help restore the economy of the Soviet Union.

2. According to the contract, the AIC “Kuzbass ” controlled Kemerovo mines and chemical plants.

3. Local authorities did not control the Autonomous Industrial Colony “Kuzbass ”

4. Jointly with the Russian workers they modernized mines, began coke production, electrified the city.

5. The Red Hill Museum Preserve presents the memory about the Autonomous Industrial Colony “Kuzbass”.

Task 9. Answer the questions:

1. What is the AIC “Kuzbass”?

2.When and why was it founded?

3.Why was it called “Autonomous”?

4. How long did it exist?

5. What was done during 1922- 1926?

6.How did it influence the development of Kuzbass?

7. Who was at the head of the Autonomous Industrial Colony “Kuzbass”?

2.10.2020

Write a short description of any monument in Kemerovo which is devoted to

history of Kuzbass and recommend it to foreign tourists.

Write the name of the monument at the beginning on a separate line (words are not

counted in this line). The monument should be real, not imaginary.

Remember to mention in your description:

- what the monument looks like;

- where the monument is located;

- why you recommend it to foreign tourists.

Write 150 – 250 words

09/10/2020

стр. 26-28  распечатать для работы на уроке

https://drive.google.com/file/d/17ILqD0F2pOdtQg4ZqyW9RTMLP4mgdx4q/view?usp=sharing

25.09.2020

19.09.2020

The Shors

Scientists have found indubitable evidence that in the Early Middle Ages no single archaeological culture existed on the contemporary territory of Kemerovo Oblast. It was part of a historical area that, in its origin, is closely connected with the population of today's Tomsk and Novosibirsk Oblasts. However, the fate of the Kuzbass Turks is intertwined with the fate of the Ugro-Samodian people living in the middle reaches of the Ob and Irtysh rivers, in South Ural and along the Kama river.

 

Task 1. Fill in the articles where necessary.

One of …1... biggest indigenous ethnic communities in …2... Kuzbass is …3... Shors.  They speak …4... Turkic language and live in …5... south of …6... Kuzbass, in …7...area that at …8...beginning of …9... 20th century was called …10... Gornaya Shoria ('Mountain Shoria'). Various groups of Shors' ancestors, in their time, were called after …11... place where they lived (the Black Tatars, the Mras - living along the Mras-Su river, the Kondoms - along …12... Kondoma river, or the Uppertom - along the Upper Tom river) or after their kin (Obins, Shors, Kalars and Kargins).

  

Mind the new vocabulary

The Shors – шорцы                                   

The Teleuts – телеуты                                        

Indubitable evidence неоспоримое свидетельство                                                            

Intertwine – сплетаться      

Indigenous – туземный, местный     

Ancestor – предок     

Kin – родственники, семья, родные и близкие    

Ethnography – этнография    

Regard – расценивать, считать    

Descend – происходить   

Conjugal – супружеский, брачный

Task 2. Read the text for the new information.

Everyone interested in the way the Shors used to live can visit the Museum of Ethnography and Nature of Gornaya Shoria in Tashtagol City holding unique expositions regarding the traditional culture of the Shors and Old Russians.

According to the 2002 Census, there are 11 500 Shors in Kemerovo Oblast, over 40 % of which live in Tashtagol and on its outskirts.

The second largest Turkic-speaking community after the Shors is the Teleuts living in Belovo and Novokuznetsk areas. Like the Shors, the Teleuts are considered northern people though they have always inhabited the Southern Siberian steppes and the Altai foothills. Until recently, the Teleuts were officially considered an ethnographic group of the Southern Altais, but then were recognized as an independent ethnic group.

The Teleut ethnic history goes back as far as many ages ago. The Teleuts descend partially from the local Turks who lived near the Tom river in Kuznetsk Basin and partially from the medieval cattle-breeders 'Tele'.

One can learn about the Teleut way of life and culture in the eco-museum 'Cholkoy' in the village of Bekovo near Salair.

According to the 2002 Census, there are 2500 Teleuts in Kemerovo Oblast, two thirds of which are concentrated in Belovo City and around.

There is still a small number of the Kalmaks living in some villages of  Yurga and Yashkino rural areas. They descend from a small group of the Teleuts. Close conjugal or religious ties between the Kalmaks and the Kazan and the Siberian Tatars led to the formation of an ethno-territorial group of the Iskitim Tatar-Kalmaks. The Tatars, in their turn, both Siberian and Kazan Tatars, live in Prokopievsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Yurga and other cities of and     and towns of Kuzbass.

Under the agreement between the Administration of Kemerovo Oblast  and the Government of the Tatarstan Republic on the economic, scientific, social and cultural co-operation, many schools and libraries in the areas with high concentration of Tatars have received books and textbooks in the Tatar language. Celebrations of Tatar national holidays and different folk events are quite traditional in Kuzbass.

According to the 2002 Census, there are 51 000 Tatars and only 21 Siberian Tatars residing in Kemerovo Oblast.

The indigenous peoples make a lot of effort to preserve their customs, traditions, cultures and languages. Some of their representatives are famous all over Kuzbass and Russia: the founder of Shor literature F. Chistiyakov, the author of the Teleut Dictionary L. Ryumina, the members of the Russian Writers Union L. Chulzhanova, V. Boriskin and S. Totysh, the Shor poets S. Torbokov and N. Belchegeshev, the professor, specialist in Shor folklore and the founder of the Shor Language Department A. I. Chudoyakov.

 

Task 3. Agree (T) or disagree (F).

1. One of the biggest indigenous ethnic communities in Kuzbass is the Turks.

2. The Shors live in the North of Kuzbass.

3. The Shors’ ancestors were called after the place where they lived.

4. The second largest community after the Shors is the Teleuts.

5. The Teleuts have always inhabited the North Siberian steppes.

 

 

Task 4. Fill in the verbs in proper forms.

 

1.Kemerovo Oblast …(to be) currently implementing a programme 'The Priority Measures of Supporting Indigenous Peoples of Kuzbass'. 2. Kemerovo Oblast Administration … (organize) a comprehensive expedition around Kuzbass and … (provide) funding for practical studies into the problems of indigenous ethnic groups in Kuzbass. 3. Some  schools in Kuzbass… (teach) the Shor language. 4. An increasing number of indigenous people… (enter) technical colleges and universities. 5. Today, over 10% of the Shors and the Teleuts … (have) college and university diplomas.

 

  11/09/2020

Task 1. Read the text and fill in the missing phrases.

A bit of history

         Kemerovo is an old city. In 1703 the village of Shcheglovo (1)… for the first time. The first settlers were peasants who escaped to Siberia from their landlords. In 1721 Mikhailo Volkov discovered “the burnt mountain” in the area. After that (2)… began.

The business prospered, the population grew. In 1867 there were 7 villages in the area, the biggest of them were Kemerovo and Shcheglovo. After the October Revolution in 1918 these villages (3)… into a town of Shcheglovsk. It became an important industrial center of Siberia. In 1932 it was renamed Kemerovo because, according to some scientists,  the word “kim-rva” means  a “burning stone” in the(4)…, so it describes the mineral resources of the area. In 1943, (5)… Kemerovo Oblast, Kemerovo became its administrative center.

a. Turkic language

b. the exploitation of coalfield

c. after the formation of

d. were transformed

e. was mentioned in chronicles

Task 2. Read the text for the new information

Kemerovo nowadays

1.Kemerovo is the capital of Kuzbass, its most important residential, industrial, cultural and educational center. Kemerovo is a young city. It was founded more than 100 years ago on the banks of the river Tom.  The little village Sheglovka by name has changed beyond recognition. Today Kemerovo is a beautiful, modern city with a population of half a million residents. You can see many old and modern buildings, wide and straight streets, big and small squares, green parks.

 

2. Kemerovo is one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia. Kemerovo is famous for its coal mines, chemical and machine-building plants, factories. The leading branch of industry is chemical. Products of Kemerovo plants are exported to more than 30 countries.

3. Kemerovo is also a city of students. There are 8 higher educational institutions in it: Kemerovo State University, Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo Technological Institute of Food Industry, the State Medical University, Kemerovo State Institute  of Art and Culture, Kemerovo Agricultural Institute, Kemerovo branch of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics and Kuzbass Institute of Economics and law.

4. Besides, Kemerovo is a cultural center of the region. Four theatres, a circus, Philarmonic Society and two museums work in the city.  Kemerovites and visitors can go to the Drama or Musical Comedy Theatres, the Concert Hall, the Puppet Show Theatre, the Circus, the Theatre for Children and Youth, as well as  museums, picture galleries, cinemas.

Kemerovites are proud of their native city and make it more and more beautiful from year to year.

5.They say, East or West, home is best. Nearly every person takes native city dear to the heart. The city is really remarkable nowadays. It is a modern Siberian center with wide streets and avenues. In the center  there are three beautiful squares: Soviet Square, Teatralnaya Square and Volkov Square. There are many parks and gardens in the city. One of the favourite recreational areas is the city park near the beautiful Tom embankment.

Summing it up, Kemerovo  is a modern city with something for everyone. Don’t miss a chance to visit it!

 

Task 3. Finish up the sentences:

1. Kemerovo is … .

2. It was founded … .

3. Today Kemerovo is … .

4. Kemerovo is famous for … .

5. Kemerovo is also … .

6. Besides it is … .

7. People can go to … .

8. In the center there are … .

9.  I’m proud of ….

 

     

Task 4. Answer the questions:

1. How many educational institutions are there in Kemerovo?

2. What is Kemerovo famous for?

3. What was the name of this city many years ago?

4. Who was the discoverer of coal in this region?

5. What theatres in Kemerovo do you know?

6. How do Kemerovites and the  visitors of Kemerovo entertain themselves?

7. What is the favourite recreational area in the city?

 

 

 

 

краеведение на 27 .05.2020

https://docs.google.com/document/d/133lCkglchIWkyiCdaK_aB7osz9m8M5iOPdR6GVFNWco/edit?usp=sharing

подготовка к тестам:

краеведение: Повторить:

1) географическое поожение

2) прирродные ресурсы

3) известные люди (Леонов, Гришковец)

20.05. 2020 года в 12.30 выкладываю тест, в 13.30 убираю.

Английский язык: повторить

1) модальные глаголы;

2) лексика 4-6 уроки

3) which vs what

4) прилагательное или наречие

5) глаголы,  после которых идет ing окончание или инфинитив

6) фразовые глаголы Drop и hold

консультация 20.05.2020 в 14.00

15.05.2020
урок английского языка

1. lay vs lie слова, которые часто путают: учебник стр. 280

2. Отрицательные префиксы прилагательных стр. 279

Презентация к уроку:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/15pwJg2tvjdzDSM5DPAH9EVkaty4lkU9B/view?usp=sharing

12/05/2020

урок английского языка

 1.  suggest vs offer слова, которые часто путают: учебник стр. 266
2.  used to  vs be/get used to
Презентация к уроку:  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xOh3Duei--HgxIi_bUqe6deFyLpUB2ct/view?usp=sharing

Домашняя работа:  просмотреть видео с объяснениями, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KhO42JK0rT0qazc6HVqTNpll3NTnWA_c/view?usp=sharing 1) тем ученикам, кто не претендует на 4-5 достаточно сделать только  упражнение на последней странице презентации: цифра-слово, 2) тем, кто  претендует на 4-5,  добавочно  составить свои предложения по одному  на каждый случай. ( 13 предложений).

29.04. 2020 (до 6.05.2020)

Краеведение

Ссылка на тест:  https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dVw4kYBP8DHfNLa68Yj3jtjj1M4fCwMq2EiQZRNXCmQ/edit?usp=sharing

27.04.2020

Английский язык 

Read the text  p. 254  and complete  the table:

Mass media includes

       1)    Press

a)     …..

b)    ….

        2 )  ….

        3)    ….

        4)    …

Functions of newspapers:

        1)    ….

        2)    ….

        3)    ….

Serious newspapers:

        1)    Names….

        2)    Aims…

        3)    Sections…

Popular newspapers….

        1)    Names….

        2)    Aims…

        3)    Sections…

Fleet Street is conveniently located because…

        1)    …

        2)    ….

22/05/2020
(задание на 29.05.2020)
Краеведение

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gEaCaIV90u-qt-wGbQjVIy9qqfCZbWhbOgELUxGidpU/edit?usp=sharing

21.05.2020 

В Интернете найти 2 газеты ( можно русские, лучше английские. Одна quality paper, вторая -tabloid. И сравнить их по следующим параметрам: сколько внимания уделяется международным новостям, сколько новостям страны. Есть ли очерки и сколько; какое внимание уделяется образованию,  культуре, спорту, бизнесу.  Есть ли кроссворды, прогнозы погоды, ТВ программы. Что еще можно найти в этих газетах. Написать это сравнение.
По ссылке пошаговая инструкция, как делать https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xnrUKXlRWjd7ZTBGUnFxrzEG8OylFLCy/view?usp=sharing

17.05.2020
Английский язык

  Ход урока:

1. Развитие навыков диалогической речи. Работа в сессионных залах.

2. Обобщение. Повторение лексики и грамматики 5 урока.

Hometask: 1) проделать упражнения из презентации

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UroJO-h-EDdNCg2MEg8HnCTSl5cJU06v/view?usp=sharing 

2) по желанию записать  карточки 16-17 и прислать

15.04. 2020
Краеведение 

задание присылаем в течение недели с15 по 22

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NdEl82G2F5PvdwHJBv8BQ1qEPkiwOUGzHbZ7xPzbkts/edit?usp=sharing
14.04.2020

Ход урока:

1. Проверка д.з

2. Развитие навыков аудирования. упр.60 стр.230, №33

3. Развитие навыков говорения. 

а) Social English  cтр. 217

б) диалоги: указать путь от своего дома до вокзала, супермаркета,кинотеатра (3-5 реплик с каждой стороны.

Homework:  краткий пересказ текста  Going to Norway, записать аудио ( не более 2 минут) и прислать ВК или на почту

13.04.2020

Ход урока:

1) Фонетическая отработка слов  стр.224-225

2)Активизация лексических единиц:

упр. 55-56

3) упр.57 вставить слова, читать, переводить

4)Couple vs Pair стр.227 упр.58 (самостоятельная работа)

Homework:  стр. 232 упр.62  Найти предложения с этими выражениями в  упр.61 и перевести их на русски1 язык+ тест

Ребята, я просила на Kahoot регистрироваться под СВОИМ ИМЕНЕМ, я не всегда не могу понять. Кто тест не прошел или прошел не под своим именем делают тест в электронном журнале

10.04.2020

1) Притяжательный падеж с неодушевленными прилагательными.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gn0lgBxrlbxUmUJ2qR6MRise8FrNNpYi/view?usp=sharing

учебник стр. 216 упр.44

2)  Развитие лексических навыков:

стр.233 упр.63;  стр.234 упр.65; стр. 235 упр.55

HOMETASK: стр. 224 упр. 53-54,  читать и переводить. Составить 10 предложений с новыми словами.

Задание по краеведению на 8.04.2020

Пройдите по ссылке и выполните задания:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QCWxBvCE9YN7WGZZlb657D-SfUUJsJqDrxXVCJ4OuRE/edit?usp=sharing

7/04/2020

Английский язык. Урок

1) Nations and Nationalities

просмотреть видео объяснение

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NZldlWw1wy6S9eNBBeCJ6pw6-r95tBkS/view?usp=sharing

учебник стр. 213 сделать упражнение 40 и прислать

2) Phrasal verb Drop

учебник  стр. 223, упр.51-52 прислать

Hometask на 10.04.2020:   Копируете ссылку, регистрируетесь  под своим именем, выполняете задание. Pin игры: 0551118  https://kahoot.it/challenge/0551118?challenge-id=0cd327c2-795e-4519-b0b0-d8542dde184a_1586232905709

задание на 7.04.2020

Adverbs and Adjectives

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SXmJc_3INXnaG5g2JAmfNwNEQCklCher/view?usp=sharing

Modal verbs with the perfect infinitive

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tjwzOQrvd0A4OVjG8xEhTpHEneY7clJ9/view?usp=sharing

´Home task: make up sentences to illustrate the use of the modal verbs could, should and needn’t with the perfect infinitive. 3 sentences for each case. From the sentences it should be clear why you have used this or that modal verb.

For example, I needn’t have phoned Ann as she  had already found out everything  herself. – Я позвонил, но не было необходимости, т.к. она все узнала сама до того, как я позвонил.  

К  электронному журналу будет присоединен тест, сделать его. Время теста ограниченно 10 минутами. Поэтому приступаем к нему, когда просмотрели  презентацию и  прочитали правило, когда уверены, что разобрались

КАК РАБОТАТЬ ПРИ ДИСТАНЦИОННОМ ОБУЧЕНИИ

1. Подключаемся к трансляции за 10 минут до начала трансляции.

2. Заходим под своим именем и фамилией, НИКАКИХ НИКОВ!

3. Выходим со включенной видеокамерой, преподаватель должен видеть ученика. Для этого при входе соглашаемся на"Подключится с видео"  и " Использовать звук вашего компьютера"

4. Перед началаом урока отключаем микрофон. (Кнопка в девом нижнем углу экрана) , чтобы избежать фонирования.

5. В чате используем значки: + ,  если все ясно, - , если что-то непонятно, ?, если возник вопрос.

6. Микрофон включает ТОЛЬКО конкретный ученик , когда учитель задает ему  вопрос

7. После окончания занятия в течение 15 минут, фотографируем то, что сделали на уроке и присылаем фотографию через ВК или е-mail.

8. Домашнее задание присылается ДО начала следующего урока.

9. ПОМНИМ, что занимаемся по обычному рассписанию НЕЗАВИСИМО, от того был ли видео урок или нет.

10. После окончания урока видео с объяснением выкладывается на блоге для того, чтобы  ученик мог посмотреть объяснение еще раз.

11. Если не было  видео урока, то на блоге будет расписано, какие упражнения и задания ученик должен  сделать ПРЕЖДЕ, чем приступить к выполнению домашнего задания

На 6.04.2020 Правила чтения. Прочитать и прислать чтение на почту или в ВК.Там несколько страниц. Присылаем только упражнения, а не правила

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_7qq5EIM4Z7mTkbiWyLPbetA68_35uz0/view?usp=sharing

Карточки для говорения: 

Card 1

You are to give a talk on the world of professions.  You should speak for not less than 1,5-2 minutes. You are to say 12-15 sentences.

Remember to say:

-          what professions are popular nowadays;

-          what jobs are the most important ones and why;

-          what prospects jobs can offer and what jobs attract you, why.

-          whether you are going to follow in your parents steps

Card 2 

You are to give a talk on choosing a career.  You should speak for not less than 1,5-2 minutes. You are to say 12-15 sentences.

Remember to say:

-       why it is difficult to choose a future profession and a career;

-          what jobs young people choose nowadays and what qualities they require;

-       what job you would like to take and if you have the necessary traits for it.

         -      what advice your parents have given you about your career choice

Card 3. 

You are going to give a talk about your career plans. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences).

Remember to say:

·         what job you want to do in the future

·         what two subjects you think are the most important for your future job, and why

-         whether you try to learn about your future occupation

·         whether your family approve of your career choice or not

      Card 4

You are going to give a talk about choosing a career. You will have to start in 1,5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences). Remember to say:

-       how people choose a career;

-      when people usually begin making plans for the future;

-      how we can prepare for the future profession;

-      what your choice of future profession is.

  

Card 5. 

You are going to give a talk about your career choice. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences).

Remember to say:

·        what jobs, in your opinion, will be popular in the future, and why

·        what sort of job you would like to do

·        what school subjects will be important for your future job

         whether English will be helpful  in your future job

      Card  6.

You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say:

• what you like most about your school;
• what weekday you find the most difficult, and why; 
• what you would like to change in your school life;
• what your attitude to your school life is.

Card  7. 

You will give a talk about school uniform. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences).

Remember to say:

• whether it is important to wear uniform at school, and why
• what clothes you wear to school
• what you like most about your school
• what extra subjects should be studied at school.

Card 8 

You are to give a talk on schools in Britain.  You should speak for not less than 1,5-2 minutes. You are to say 12-15 sentences.

Remember to say:

·                  what types of schools exist in Britain and what subjects they offer;

·                  if there are any exams in British schools;

·                  if schools in Britain and Russia differ.

Card 9

You are going to give a talk about the Internet. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences).

Remember to say:

-       what people use the Internet for

-       what educational opportunities the Internet offers to students

—     how the Internet will change our world;·         

—    whether the Internet can be harmful for users, and why

Card 10.

You are going to give a talk about the Internet. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say:

• why today’s teenagers use the Internet so much; 
• how the Internet makes long-distance communication easier;
• what dangers teenagers can face when they use the Internet;
• what your attitude to the Internet is.

Card 11

You are going to give a talk about science. You will have to start in 1,5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences). Remember to say:

— why science is important in the modern world;

— how science helps peace in the world;

— how science helps solve the energy problem;

— what your attitude to the importance of science for the understanding of the natural world is.

Card 12 

You are to give a talk on virtual reality.  You should speak for not less than 1,5-2 minutes. You are to say 12-15 sentences.

Remember to say:

- what the phrase “virtual reality” means;

-  what opportunities virtual reality gives to people of different occupations;

- whether we have answers to all questions connected with virtual reality;

-  why virtual reality technologies can be dangerous for people.

Card 13

 You are to give a talk on scientific discoveries and inventions.  You should speak for not less than 1,5-2 minutes. You are to say 12-15 sentences.

Remember to say:

-          what scientific discoveries and inventions have changed the human world;

-          what outstanding inventors you know;

-          what great scientific inventions have changed the human life

-          whether you would like to choose science as a future occupation, why

Card   14 

You are to give a talk on the role of money in the modern world.  You should speak for not less than 1,5-2 minutes. You are to say 12-15 sentences.

Remember to say:

 -  what money means for people;

 -  how money appeared and what equivalents of paper money people used;

-      what makes money valuable;

 -  if you save or spend money.

Card 15 

You are to give a talk on shops and shopping.  You should speak for not less than 1,5-2 minutes. You are to say 12-15 sentences.

Remember to say:

-          why shops are ideal places to spend money;

-           how often you go shopping and what kinds of shops you visit;

-           what is the best time to do shopping;

-          what services shops offer for their customers.

Card 16.

You are going to give a talk about travelling. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say:

• why most people like travelling;
• which season is the best for travelling in your opinion;
• what means of transport is the best for travelling, and why;
• what your attitude to travelling is.

Card 17. 

You are going to give a talk about travelling. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences).

Remember to say:

• why most people enjoy travelling;
•  whether it is easier to travel nowadays than centuries ago, and why
• what rules people should follow while travelling
• what place you would like to go to, and why

Card 18

You are going to give a talk about the place where you live. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say:

• what your city, town or village is famous for;
• what your favourite place in your city and why you like it;
• whether you are going to stay in your city after leaving school or move to another place, and why;
• what your attitude to your city is.

Card 19. 

You are going to give a talk about TV. You will have to start in
1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences).

Remember to say:

·         whether watching TV is still a popular pastime with teenagers, and why, or why not;·        

 -       how many hours a week you watch TV;

-         what is your favourite channel/programme is

-        what you dislike most about TV;

Card 20 

You are to give a talk on mass media.  You should speak for not less than 1,5-2 minutes. You are to say 12-15 sentences.

Remember to say:

-        what the phrase “mass media” means;

-          what sources of information are used nowadays and which of them are the most popular ones;

-          if people need newspapers and what for;

-           what kind of papers people read and if you personally read newspapers

13//03/2020 Правила чтения

Повторить правила чтения 4 типов слогов. Под 3а заполнить таблицу, под 3в записать и отправить запись

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_7qq5EIM4Z7mTkbiWyLPbetA68_35uz0/view?usp=sharing

Краеведение  задание на 4.03.2020

Сделать краткий пересказ текста "The Museums of Kemerovo"

Task 1. Read the text for the information.

         There are more than 1,500 historical and cultural museums in Kemerovo Oblast, 27 of which are of federal significance (14 archeological, 6 historical, 5 architectural, and 2 artistic ones). The most unusual of these is the Tomskaya Pisanitsa museum in the village of Pisanaya, Yashkinsky Rayon, which is considered to be one of the most valuable sites of the Russian Federation. The most important landmarks of  Kuzbass include the 18th- and 19th-century historical and architectural museum at Kuznetsk Fortress in Novokuznetsk, a group of  monuments and historical sites on the former Siberian Highway (Moscow-Irkutsk), and the Shestakovsky historical and cultural complex of archeological monuments and paleontological sites in Chebulinsky Rayon.

  The most well known museums of Kemerovo are:

the Museum of Fine Arts;

the Museum of Regional Studies;

the Museum “Krasnaya Gorka”;

the Museum “Tomskaya Pisanitsa”.

The Museum of Fine Arts is the largest art center in Kemerovo Oblast. Every year about  50 exhibitions are held there.

The Museum of Regional Studies (The Kemerovo Oblast Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy) was founded in 1920. It gives its visitors full understanding of the nature and history of Kemerovo Oblast. There are over 80,000 displays in ethnography, social antropology, mineralogy, archaeology, etc.

  

The Krasnaya Gorka museum is the museum of the history of Kemerovo. It was founded in 1992.

 The Tomskaya Pisanitsa museum is situated 50 km from Kemerovo and occupies 152 sq.km of wood. It was founded in 1988. It has several displays, the most famous of which are “The Russian Siberian Village”, “Time and calendar”, “Epos and mythology” and “Tomskaya Pisanitsa”. Children can visit its Zoo with bears, wolves, foxes, elks ect. It is really worth seeing.

Kemerovo State University Museum “Archaeology, Ethnography and Ecology of Siberia”.

Краеведение задание на 26.02.2020

Task 1. Read the text and match the headings  to the paragraphs. One heading is extra.

A. Pages of history

B. Awards

C. The creators

D. Modern times

“Ogni Kuzbassa” is a regional literary magazine. The very first issue was published in Kemerovo in 1949. One of the first issues included a novel by Alexander Voloshin called "Earth Kuznetsk", which was awarded a State Prize. It 1)… included some of Michael Nebogatov’s  poems. The Almanac used to come out once or twice a year, depending on the amount of available material.

2)… , a lot of Siberian writers and poets used to be editors of the magazine: A. Voloshin, V. Mazayev, V. Bayanov, G. Urov.  3)… the editor’s chair is occupied by S. Donbay , one of the most famous poets in Kuzbass. Sergey Donbay is a member of the Writers' Union of Russia. A lot of famous writers used to be executive secretaries of the magazine: O. Pavlovsky, V.Makhalov, V.Kuropatov, V. Matveev, V. Zubarev, S. Donbay, A. Katkov and others. 4)… a large contribution to the organization of the magazine, each of them provided “Ogni Kuzbassa” with their remarkable works.       

5)… it’s an official "big" literary magazine, issued 2 times a year. The pages are given not only to famous and experienced, but also to young amateur writers: there’s a special section called "The Literary Studio." There’s also a special column for young writers called "Svetlitsa" (“The front room”). The magazine also pays great attention to the history of  Siberia (a column called "Sanctuary Siberia"), remarkable people ("Faces"). 6)… , the sections "Prose" and "Poetry" reflect the current state of literature in Kuzbass. Besides, there are sections called "Bibliotvorchestvo" and "Criticism and literary criticism" devoted to the analysis of classical and modern literature. The regular column "Literary Life" follows the outside of the literary process. 7)… , the magazine has become a significant and valuable part of Siberian cultural life.

Task 2. Complete the text with the words below.

all in all 

nowadays

мoreover 

over the years

aside from 

also

now

 Task 3  Контрольное чтение  3 абзаца

Задание на 21.02.20

Обратите  внимание на формулировки вопросов, отвечаем только на поставленный вопрос, а не общие рассуждения

You are going to give a talk about the Internet. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say:

-          what people use the Internet for

·         what educational opportunities the Internet offers to students

·         whether the Internet can be harmful for users, and why; 

You are going to give a talk about the Internet. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say:

• why today’s teenagers use the Internet so much; 
• how the Internet makes long-distance communication easier;
• what dangers teenagers can face when they use the Internet;
• what your attitude to the Internet is.

Задание по краеведению
Написать карточку:

• what your city, town or village is famous for;
• what your favourite place in your city, town or village is, and why you like it;
• whether you are going to stay in your city, town or village after leaving school or move to another place, and why;
• what your attitude to your city, town or village is.

Задание на 18.02.2020
Написать карточки

Card 2 You are to give a talk on the world of professions.  You should speak for not less than 1,5-2 minutes. You are to say 12-15 sentences.

Remember to say:

-          what professions are popular nowadays;

-          what jobs are the most important ones and why;

-          what prospects jobs can offer and what jobs attract you, why.

Card 3 You are to give a talk on choosing a career.  You should speak for not less than 1,5-2 minutes. You are to say 12-15 sentences.

Remember to say:

-          why it is difficult to choose a future profession and a career;

-          what jobs young people choose nowadays and what qualities they require;

-          what job you would like to take and if you have the necessary traits for it.

Задание на 17.02. 2020

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The ninth planet of the solar system was discovered not long ago. It happened in 1930. Scientists had been hunting for the planet for a long time. They had calculated its probable position, but there was no proof that the planet really existed. It was too far away for the telescopes of that time to find it. It’s worth mentioning that the first photos of the planet were taken by a very young researcher. He was only twenty-four and had no formal education in astronomy. However he was deeply involved in the search for the ninth planet. The planet at the edge of the solar system was called Pluto, after the Roman god. The name for the planet was suggested by an 11-year-old British girl.

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A robot is a machine that does work for people. The word ‘robot’ appeared in the 1920s and it was first used in a science fiction story. In real life, the robot was invented later, in 1954. There are different kinds of robots which are used in different industries. Most of them are operated with the help of a computer program. Instead of humans, robots do hard and boring work in unpleasant or dangerous environments. They usually work faster and more accurately than people. They never get tired and do not make mistakes. Nowadays robots are often used for domestic needs –${\displaystyle }$ to clean houses or to look after sick and elderly people. Scientists say that soon robots will become a normal part of our life, like mobiles and computers today.